Where Can Hiv-infected Patients and Their Families Find Resources Quizlet
Human immunodeficiency virus, more ordinarily known every bit HIV, is a virus that, without treatment, leads to deterioration of your body'due south immune system to a indicate where your trunk has problem fighting off mild infections. When your immune system has get severely damaged after a prolonged period with HIV, information technology's known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
HIV is a bloodborne retrovirus that infects specific cells in the human being immune system called CD4 T cells. CD4 cells normally play an important office in your allowed organization. They're responsible for detecting harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses so your body tin can brainstorm fighting off those pathogens.
There's no cure for HIV, and in one case y'all contract it, the virus will remain in your body for life. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can progressively impairment your allowed system to a indicate where you lot become susceptible to AIDS-defining illnesses — infections and conditions that wouldn't normally make y'all sick if your immune system was functioning properly.
In accolade of National HIV/AIDS & Crumbling Awareness Twenty-four hours, we're going to hash out the causes of, symptoms of, and treatments for HIV and AIDs.
Many people have no symptoms at all after initially becoming infected with HIV. However, nearly people do experience some non-specific symptoms within the first few weeks afterward infection. This ways the symptoms are typical of many illnesses and don't immediately point to ane specific status as their cause. For HIV, non-specific symptoms include:
- Flu-similar symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff or aching muscles
- Rash
- Rima oris ulcers
- Sore throat
- Sweating at night
- Swollen lymph glands
After this initial illness, which is known every bit "seroconversion," most people live for many years without any symptoms until the virus has harmed their allowed organization to a betoken where they start to become significantly more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.
HIV is present in the blood, pre-ejaculatory fluid, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and chest milk of people with the virus. HIV can be transmitted past:
- Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and through the sharing of sex toys
- Sharing of needles, which most commonly occurs in groups of people who are using intravenous drugs
- Receiving a claret transfusion from an infected individual; this rarely occurs in adult countries, as donor claret is usually screened for blood-borne viruses such as HIV
- Childbirth; HIV can exist passed from the pregnant parent to the child during pregnancy or childbirth
- Breastfeeding; HIV exists in breast milk and can be passed on to a child
In rare cases, HIV can also be spread by:
- Ingesting pre-chewed nutrient from someone who has the virus; this is a common practice in some underdeveloped countries and is generally done to feed small children or elderly people
- Being bitten by someone or biting someone who has HIV
- Kissing, if there is bleeding within the mouth
- Undergoing trunk-modification procedures such as tattoos or piercings if tools are not properly sterilized betwixt clients
The vast majority of cases of HIV in the United States are acquired via sexual contact. HIV cannot be spread past:
- Air
- H2o
- Insect bites
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Tears
- Coincidental contact such as shaking hands or hugging
Diagnosing HIV
HIV is ordinarily diagnosed via a claret test. The nearly accurate and reliable test is known equally a fourth-generation exam. It checks for both a specific part of the HIV viral structure (called the p24 antigen) and your ain body'south response to the infection (HIV antibodies).
Point-of-care tests are also available, and they differ from fourth-generation tests. These take a small sample of saliva or blood and provide a effect in less than an hr. Nonetheless, these are less sensitive and may not pick up all cases of HIV due to the smaller concentration of antibodies in the saliva or small claret sample. Yous should always follow up a betoken-of-intendance result with a confirmatory laboratory test. There are likewise self-sampling and dwelling house-testing kits available.
Any positive result is usually repeated to bank check it wasn't a rare fake-positive. If y'all're diagnosed with HIV, you'll be referred to a specialist HIV center to discuss handling right away.
HIV has a window menstruum, meaning it can take a certain length of fourth dimension for a test to be able to detect the virus in your trunk. Many newer tests tin determine results in 99% of people 45 days following their potential exposure. If you think you might take been exposed to HIV, it may non testify upwards in a claret examination for 45 days. Point-of-care testing and at-dwelling house testing tin have an even longer window period, sometimes lasting up to 12 weeks.
Handling for HIV
There is no cure for HIV, simply the infection tin can be managed, assuasive people with the virus to lead long and normal lives. Treatment for HIV usually involves a number of different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The virus requires an enzyme called protease in order to replicate, so treatment will involve protease inhibitors as well as ARV drugs. This combination of medications is chosen highly active antiretroviral handling, or HAART.
The aim of treatment is to reduce the level of circulating virus particles in your body to a point where HIV is no longer detectable. This means that the virus is at such depression levels that it won't cause nearly as much damage to your immune system, and you likely won't be able to transmit it to anyone. Undetectable means untransmissable. Many people attain this level within half dozen months of handling.
HIV drugs, like any medication, can cause side effects, such equally nausea, diarrhea, headache and rash. Some people feel long-term side effects, such every bit changes in blood cholesterol levels or interference with liver or kidney functioning. You'll be regularly monitored for these side effects once y'all outset medication therapy.
How well the treatment is working is monitored past 2 parameters: the HIV viral load, meaning how many viral particles are present in your blood, and the CD4 count, which is a mensurate of how much the HIV virus has damaged specific blood cells of your immune system.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a set of medications that you can take very soon after potential exposure to HIV. In near cases, these drugs tin can prevent infection from occurring. This treatment should only be used in an emergency and must be taken within 72 hours of exposure. PEP is usually taken for a period of 28 days.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (available under the make names Truvada® and Descovy®), is a medication that you lot can take if you're at high gamble of contracting HIV. These drugs can protect you lot from acquiring an infection with the virus. You can have PrEP daily or "on demand," in which you have the medication right before you could potentially be exposed to the virus.
HIV Prognosis
HIV is a chronic condition that currently has no cure, merely people with the virus have plenty of effective options for managing the status and living comfortably. Without treatment, nearly every HIV patient will continue to develop AIDS. However, when doctors discover HIV early and begin providing prompt treatment, the prognosis for people with HIV is very good. Nowadays, someone who's diagnosed early on with a loftier CD4 count has the aforementioned life expectancy equally someone without HIV. However, people with HIV practise announced to develop some other conditions at before ages than those without HIV — including cardiovascular illness, kidney disease, lung disease, diabetes and cancer — which may equate to differences in quality of life.
If someone doesn't get treatment early on, the virus will progress and weaken their immune organisation, which may cause more complications later in life. Nevertheless, treatment can still exist constructive, no matter when the virus is diagnosed.
There's a very small group of people who, despite having HIV in their bodies, never develop AIDS. These patients are called "long-term nonprogressors," and it's non clear what makes them resistant to the effects of HIV.
The best way to prevent the spread of HIV is to exercise safe sex, as this is how most cases are transmitted. Consequent and right safe use can preclude the spread of the virus. Sharing needles when misusing injectable drugs is another common form of manual, and information technology's of import to never share another person'south needles or injecting equipment. If you're looking for assist in overcoming drug addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Assistants National Helpline at i-800-662-4357 for complimentary and confidential counseling.
HIV tin be transmitted from a pregnant parent to their unborn child, then it's of import if y'all have HIV and become pregnant to inform your obstetrician immediately. They can help y'all accept steps to reduce the adventure of spreading the disease to your unborn baby. Consider the use of PrEP to prevent infection conquering if you lot're unable to avoid potential contact with HIV.
Resource Links:
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html
https://www.fpa.org.uk/sites/default/files/hiv-data-and-advice.pdf
https://world wide web.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/yes-same-life-expectancy-hiv-negative-people-far-fewer-years-good-health
https://world wide web.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/
https://medlineplus.gov/hivaids.html
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/pdf/3000138/HIV%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F.pdf
https://www.tht.org.great britain/hiv-and-sexual-wellness
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-nuts
Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health/hiv-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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